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Baie-Johan-Beetz

Coordinates: 50°17′N 62°48′W / 50.283°N 62.800°W / 50.283; -62.800
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Baie-Johan-Beetz
Municipality
Piashti River, Route 138, steel girder bridge 15881,[1] Chateau Johan Beetz,[2] Piashti Bay[3]
Piashti River, Route 138, steel girder bridge 15881,[1] Chateau Johan Beetz,[2] Piashti Bay[3]
Baie-Johan-Beetz is located in Côte-Nord region, Quebec
Baie-Johan-Beetz
Baie-Johan-Beetz
Location in Côte-Nord region of Quebec
Coordinates: 50°17′N 62°48′W / 50.283°N 62.800°W / 50.283; -62.800[4]
CountryCanada
ProvinceQuebec
RegionCôte-Nord
RCMMinganie
Constituted1 January 1966
Named forJohan Beetz
Government
[5]
 • MayorMartin Côté
 • Federal ridingManicouagan
 • Prov. ridingDuplessis
Area
[5][6]
 • Total532.06 km2 (205.43 sq mi)
 • Land327.46 km2 (126.43 sq mi)
Elevation
10 m (30 ft)
Population
 (2021)[6]
 • Total84
 • Density0.3/km2 (0.8/sq mi)
 • Pop (2016-21)
Decrease 2.3%
 • Dwellings
58
Time zoneUTC-5 (Within the AST legislated time zone boundary but observes EST[7])
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
Postal code(s)
G0G 1B0
Area codes418 and 581
Highways R-138
Websitewww.baiejohanbeetz.qc.ca

Baie-Johan-Beetz is a municipality located near the mouth of the Piashti River on the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in the Côte-Nord region, Minganie RCM, Quebec, Canada.[4]

History

[edit]
Route 138, steel girder bridge 15881,[1] Chateau Johan Beetz,[2] Piashti River, outcropping rocks of the Canadian Shield

In 1854, Joseph Tanguay, originally from Berthier, settled at the Little Watshishou River. Tanguay and his sons fished mostly for salmon on the Piashti, Corneille, Petite Watshishou, Watshishou and Quetachou rivers.[8]

In 1862 Tanguay moved to Baie Piashti. Other early settlers came from the Magdalen Islands. The place was originally identified as "Piastre Bay", from the Innu expression piashite-pets, meaning "there where the water passes over/on top", or possibly originating from the word piashtibé, meaning "dry bay" or "where the water rises", which is a reference to the local bay that during low tide runs dry.[4]

Johan Beetz (1874-1949)

In 1897, Johan Beetz (1874-1949), a Belgium aristocrat, with training in natural sciences and medicine, immigrate there, and on 27 September 1898, married Adéla Tanguay (1884-1954), daughter of Sébastien Tanguay, fisherman, and Marie-Louise (Henriette) Arseneault,[9] 11 children were born of this union.[8] Beetz built a Second Empire-inspired rural residence that residents today call le château (the castle), he hunted, fished, and trapped with the local villagers, and raised foxes for their fur.[10] He was a naturalis and ornithologist, and made numerous studies and hand drawings. He also invented a mummification process for preserving animal bodies. The many activities of Johan Beetz brought considerable impetus to the socio-economic development of the locality and that of the North Shore.[11]

The family lived in Piastre Baie until 1922, when they moved to Ville Saint-Laurent.

Toponymy

[edit]

The bay's name was spelled in a variety of ways, including Piashti Bay, Pillage Bay, Baie-de-Pillage, Piastibe, Piashte Bay, and Piestebé. Perhaps for this reason, its residents expressed a desire to change the village's name to Baie-Johan-Beetz in 1910.

The Piastre Baie was renamed in 1914, but the name was not officially adopted until 1965 when the place was incorporated.[4][2]

Watshishou migratory bird sanctuary

[edit]

Located approximately 40 kilometers west of Natashquan, this 10,673 hectare refuge extends over a little more than 23 kilometers along the coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in the municipality of Baie-Johan-Beetz, and partly in Aguanish and the Mingan Archipelago National Park reserve.

The Wastishou Migratory Bird Sanctuary [12] includes Pontbriand,[13] Jalobert[14] and Pashashibou bays, all islands, islets and emerging rocks in the area, as well as the offshore waters over a distance of several kilometers from the coast. In fact, the waters cover almost 90% of the refuge's surface area. Vegetation is limited to a few species of moss and lichens, because the terrestrial part of the refuge is mainly made up of rocky outcrops.[15][16]

Birds

[edit]

The common eider is the most abundant, the double-crested cormorant is the second most commonly found species, the third most numerous species within this sanctuary is the herring gull.

Bird species present in smaller numbers also benefit from this sanctuary:

  • Pontbriand river and Pontbriand bay
  • River,[13][12] rocky outcrop of the Canadian Shield
    River,[13][12] rocky outcrop of the Canadian Shield
  • Mouth of the river, some 20 km east in Baie-Johan-Beetz (Municipality)
    Mouth of the river, some 20 km east in Baie-Johan-Beetz (Municipality)
  • Mouth of the river and rest area from the bridge on Route 138
    Mouth of the river and rest area from the bridge on Route 138
  • Mouth of the river, in the bay, in Gulf of St. Lawrence
    Mouth of the river, in the bay, in Gulf of St. Lawrence
  • Pontbriand Bay[17] in Gulf of St. Lawrence
    Pontbriand Bay[17] in Gulf of St. Lawrence

Demographics

[edit]

Population

[edit]
Canada census – Baie-Johan-Beetz community profile
202120162011
Population84 (-2.3% from 2016)86 (+6.2% from 2011)81 (-14.7% from 2006)
Land area327.46 km2 (126.43 sq mi)360.47 km2 (139.18 sq mi)360.28 km2 (139.10 sq mi)
Population density0.3/km2 (0.78/sq mi)0.2/km2 (0.52/sq mi)0.2/km2 (0.52/sq mi)
Median age60.0 (M: 60.0, F: 61.2)54.3 (M: 53.8, F: 55.5)53.8 (M: 49.5, F: 55.0)
Private dwellings58 (total)  44 (occupied)54 (total)  43 (occupied)46 (total) 
Median household income$.N/A$.n/a$.N/A
Notes: Income data for this area has been suppressed for data quality or confidentiality reasons.
References: 2021[18] 2016[19] 2011[20] earlier[21][22]
Historical Census Data – Baie-Johan-Beetz, Quebec
YearPop.±%
1966 241—    
1971 235−2.5%
1976 168−28.5%
1981 150−10.7%
YearPop.±%
1986 112−25.3%
1991 107−4.5%
1996 85−20.6%
2001 89+4.7%
YearPop.±%
2006 95+6.7%
2011 81−14.7%
2016 86+6.2%
2021 84−2.3%
Source: Statistics Canada[23]

Language

[edit]
Canada Census Mother Tongue – Baie-Johan-Beetz, Quebec[23]
Census Total
French
English
French & English
Other
Year Responses Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop %
2011
80
 80 Decrease 11.1% 100.00% 0 Steady 0.0% 0.00% 0 Steady 0.0% 0.00% 0 Steady 0.0% 0.00%
2006
90
 90 Increase 5.6% 100.00% 0 Steady 0.0% 0.00% 0 Steady 0.0% 0.00% 0 Steady 0.0% 0.00%
2001
85
 85 Increase 5.9% 100.00% 0 Steady 0.0% 0.00% 0 Steady 0.0% 0.00% 0 Steady 0.0% 0.00%
1996
80
 80 n/a 100.00% 0 n/a 0.00% 0 n/a 0.00% 0 n/a 0.00%

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Baie-Johan-Beetz
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 8.9
(48.0) 		6.5
(43.7) 		11
(52) 		16.5
(61.7) 		32
(90) 		29
(84) 		28.5
(83.3) 		29
(84) 		28.3
(82.9) 		20.6
(69.1) 		13.3
(55.9) 		8.3
(46.9) 		32
(90)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −8.3
(17.1) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		4
(39) 		10.3
(50.5) 		15.7
(60.3) 		19.3
(66.7) 		18.8
(65.8) 		14
(57) 		7.8
(46.0) 		1.7
(35.1) 		−5.1
(22.8) 		5.8
(42.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −13.7
(7.3) 		−12.8
(9.0) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		0.2
(32.4) 		6
(43) 		11.2
(52.2) 		14.9
(58.8) 		14.2
(57.6) 		9.7
(49.5) 		4.2
(39.6) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		−9.7
(14.5) 		−1.3
(29.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −19.1
(−2.4) 		−18.4
(−1.1) 		−11.7
(10.9) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		1.6
(34.9) 		6.6
(43.9) 		10.4
(50.7) 		9.7
(49.5) 		5.3
(41.5) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−14.2
(6.4) 		−3.2
(26.2)
Record low °C (°F) −37.8
(−36.0) 		−38
(−36) 		−35
(−31) 		−23.5
(−10.3) 		−11.1
(12.0) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		2.8
(37.0) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		−12.2
(10.0) 		−21.5
(−6.7) 		−33.9
(−29.0) 		−38
(−36)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 72.4
(2.85) 		40.4
(1.59) 		60.5
(2.38) 		56.8
(2.24) 		90.8
(3.57) 		99.4
(3.91) 		101.4
(3.99) 		95.3
(3.75) 		103.9
(4.09) 		105.7
(4.16) 		89.7
(3.53) 		73.3
(2.89) 		989.6
(38.96)
Source: Environment Canada[24]

Cultural heritage

[edit]
Family residence of Johan Beetz (1874-1949) and Adéla Tanguay (1884-1954)[2]

The Johan-Beetz House, a Second Empire-inspired rural residence built in 1899, dominates the landscape of a rocky promontory jutting into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, at the mouth of the Piashti River. Listed in the Quebec Cultural Heritage directory, this property is classified as a heritage building. The protection applies to the exterior and interior of the building, and not to the land.[2]

Wooden sidewalks, in 1987, a study by Ministry of Transport Quebec mentioned:

…there are more than 600 m of continuous wooden sidewalks along the existing road in Baie-Johan-Beetz. The dismantling of the wooden sidewalks would constitute a loss for local heritage.[25]

In 2020, a municipal regulation recommends rebuilding these picturesque elements that are an integral part of the landscape.

… Not so long ago, the entire village of Baie-Johan-Beetz was crisscrossed by a network of wooden sidewalks. Much of this network has disappeared over time but a few remain. It is important to restore and highlight these wooden sidewalks.[26]

Transport

[edit]

For the best part of the 20th century, depending on the ice conditions, the Clarke Steamship Co. Ltd. ships,[27][28] departing from Montreal and Quebec, regularly stopped at Johan Beetz. From the locality to reach the interior of the region, two canoe routes are available to travelers. One follows the Piashti River to Lake Bellanger,[29] and gives access to the western part. The second road follows the Watshishou River to a point two and a half miles north of Véronique Lake.[30] Both rivers contain numerous rapids and falls, and there are eleven portages between the Gulf and Bellanger Lake and 21 portages before reaching Prudent Lake. Several large lakes, particularly in the northern half of the region, are suitable for seaplane landings.[31]

In 1996, Quebec Route 138 (The Whale Route) was extended to Havre-Saint-Pierre, thus connecting the village of Baie-Johan-Beetz to the Quebec road network.[32][4]

The city is served by the Baie-Johan-Beetz Seaplane Base (SPB) (IATA: YBJ).

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  1. ^ a b "Steel Girder Bridge #18881 Inventory and inspection of structures". Quebec Gouvernement (in French). Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility. Retrieved 1 July 2024. Côte-Nord Territorial Directorate - Baie-Johan-Beetz - Municipality - Road 138 - Piashti River Obstacle
  2. ^ a b c d e f Ministry of Culture and Communications of Quebec (2006). "Johan Beetz House, heritage real estate". Heritage directory cultural of Quebec. Retrieved 18 June 2024. Other name, Château Johan-Beetz
  3. ^ "Johan-Beetz Bay". Quebec Gouvernement (in French). Commission de Toponymie Quebec. 5 December 1968. Retrieved 19 June 2024. Johan-Beetz Bay is contiguous to Piashti Bay and is only separated from it by a point called Loizeau.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Baie-Johan-Beetz". Quebec Gouvernement (in French). Commission de Toponymie Quebec. 12 May 1968. Retrieved 15 June 2024. In 1996, the extension of Route 138 made it possible to connect this municipality to that of Havre-Saint-Pierre, and in doing so, to break its isolation.
  5. ^ a b "Répertoire des municipalités: Geographic code 98035". www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca (in French). Ministère des Affaires municipales et de l'Habitation. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  6. ^ a b "Baie-Johan-Beetz (Code 2498035) Census Profile". 2021 census. Government of Canada - Statistics Canada. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  7. ^ "Time zones and daylight saving time". Gouvernement of Canada. 25 October 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2024. Canada, Time Zones and Daylight Saving Time usually have been regulated by provincial and territorial governments
  8. ^ a b Heritage cultural of Quebec (2024). "Johan Beetz, biography". Quebec Gouvernement (in French). Ministry of Culture and Communications of Quebec. Retrieved 29 June 2024. Beetz studied at the Catholic University of Louvain, where he received training in natural sciences, chemistry and human and veterinary medicine.
  9. ^ "Beetz Johan, Cultural Heritage". Quebec Gouvernement (in French). Library and National Archives of Quebec. 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2024. His knowledge of medicine makes Beetz the village doctor. He offered free care and advice to residents and it was probably thanks to his prophylactic recommendations that Piastre Baie was spared the Spanish flu.
  10. ^ Paul Hinse (1 May 2012). "Fox breeding in Quebec" (PDF). John William Hopkins, The experiences of Johan Beetz (in French). pp. 15 of 40. Retrieved 20 June 2024. Beetz created a fox park considerable value valued at $300,000 in 1913
  11. ^ Christine Lebel (4 January 2020). "Johan Beetz (1874-1949), biography" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 20 June 2024. Director of the provincial vulpiculture service, he received the title of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine in 1936 Agricultural Science of the University of Montreal. He was also a co-founder of the Society Zoologique de Québec.
  12. ^ a b "Watshishou - Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas of Canada - map" (PDF). IBA Birdlife. Cartographic production by Bird Studies Canada. March 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2024. The IBA Program is an international conservation initiative coordinated by Bird Life International
  13. ^ a b "Pontbriand River - toponymy". Quebec Gouvernement (in French). Commission de Toponymy Quebec. 13 June 1997. Retrieved 1 July 2024. It receives the waters of Lake Caron and flows into Pontbriand Bay, hence its name.
  14. ^ "Jalobert Bay - toponymy". Quebec Gouvernement (in French). Commission de Toponymy Quebec. 5 December 1968. Retrieved 1 July 2024. Its name recalls the memory of Macé Jalobert, brother-in-law of Jacques Cartier, who accompanied the latter during his voyage of 1535-1536, as pilot and captain of the Petite Hermine.
  15. ^ a b "Watshishou migratory bird sanctuary". Gouvernement of Canada. Environment and natural resources. 3 April 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024. Double-crested cormorant, great black-backed gull, ring-billed gull, common tern, arctic tern, black guillemot, common loon, American black duck, red-breasted merganser, white-winged scoter, surf scoter, black scoter, semipalmated sandpiper and ruddy turnstone
  16. ^ "Migratory bird sanctuaries across Canada - Quebec". Gouvernement of Canada. Environment and natural resources. 3 April 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024. The Watshishou Migratory Bird Sanctuary, located in Minganie, on the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, was established in 1925 to protect seabird colonies in this important nesting area.
  17. ^ "Pontbriand Bay - Toponymy". Gouvernement of Quebec (in French). Commission Toponymy Quebec. 5 December 1968. Retrieved 4 July 2024. Recalls the memory of Claude de Pontbriand, son of the lord of Montcevelles and cupbearer of the Dauphin, member of Jacques Cartier's crew during his second voyage to Canada, in 1535
  18. ^ "2021 Community Profiles". 2021 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. 4 February 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  19. ^ "2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. 12 August 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  20. ^ "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  21. ^ "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. 20 August 2019.
  22. ^ "2001 Community Profiles". 2001 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. 18 July 2021.
  23. ^ a b 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census
  24. ^ Environment Canada Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000, accessed 14 July 2010
  25. ^ Yves Bédard, biologist (1987). "Environmental impact study, extension of Route 138, Baie-Johan-Beetz section to the Watshishou River" (PDF). Quebec Gouvernement (in French). Quebec Ministry of Transport. pp. 17 of 50. Retrieved 22 June 2024. The sidewalks demonstrate a special adaptation of residents living in the austere environment of their part of the country
  26. ^ "Municipality of Johan-Beetz, Regulations 2020-12-07-07" (PDF) (in French). Urban plan. 7 December 2021. pp. 9 of 10. Retrieved 22 June 2024. Representing a characteristic specific to small communities on the North Shore, it is important to restore and highlight these wooden sidewalks.
  27. ^ "The Clarke Steamship Co Ltd" (PDF). 7 June 2014. pp. 41 of 74. Retrieved 17 May 2024. The North Shore service now sailed from Quebec every Tuesday at 9 am, serving no fewer than thirty locales, consisting of pulpwood ports, native villages, trading posts and fishing settlements,
  28. ^ Kevin Griffin (2013). "St. Lawrence saga: The Clarke Steamship story" (PDF). Retrieved 23 June 2024. The Clarke Steamship Company, whose ships plied the Gulf of St Lawrence for the best part of the 20th century
  29. ^ "Bellanger Lake, toponymy". Quebec Gouvernement (in French). Commission de Toponymy Quebec. 5 December 1968. Retrieved 23 June 2024. The Innu know this lake under the name Pepaukamau, "lake with several straits
  30. ^ "Veronique Lake, toponymy". Quebec Gouvernement (in French). Commission de Toponymy Quebec. 5 December 1968. Retrieved 23 June 2024. This lake, approximately 7 km long, is located approximately 70 km east of Havre-Saint-Pierre.
  31. ^ Gérald E. Cooper (1952). "Preliminary report on the Johan Beetz region (Eastern Half) cantons of Drucourt and Johan Beetz, Saguenay county" (PDF) (in French). Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources - Government of Quebec. pp. 4 of 12. Retrieved 23 June 2024. Village on the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, located 440 miles downstream from the city of Quebec
  32. ^ Jean Dumont, archaeologist; Raymond Goulet, geomorphologist (June 1986). "Extension of Route 138 between Johan-Beetz Bay and the Pashashibou River" (PDF). Gouvernement of Quebec (in French). Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility, Directorate of the Transport. p. 97. Preliminary studies for the realization of the project construction of route 138 between Johan-Beetz Bay and the Pashashibou River, electoral district of Duplessis.
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